Photo: Mauricio Alejo

When Dale Archer, MD, began practicing medicine in 1987, most of his patients viewed psychiatric drugs as a last resort. Today, he says, the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction. "People now come to me thinking they need treatment if they're simply not as focused or outgoing as the folks around them." In his new book, Better Than Normal, Archer argues that the definition of psychiatric health has become so narrow that almost anyone can be labeled with a disorder—but that some disorders have traits that, in fact, should be embraced. We asked him to tell us more.

Q. What's wrong with the way psychiatric conditions are classified?

A Harvard Medical School study concluded that approximately one in four American adults has a mental disorder—now, that's crazy! In the book, I describe eight characteristics that, when dominant, have become the bases for diagnoses. Shyness, for example, is a symptom of social anxiety disorder, self-focus falls under the umbrella of narcissistic personality disorder, and adventurousness can be taken as a symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. But in reality, we all have a little bit of those traits within us. They exist on a continuum. You might be further along on one continuum, but unless you're at the extreme end of it, you probably don't need drugs.

Q. Why not treat the mild cases?

When you're always trying to conform to the norm, you lose your uniqueness, which can be the foundation for your greatness. Take people on the bipolar continuum. They tend to be very competent and creative, and they have the energy to follow through with ideas. They're resilient and likable—their enthusiasm and joie de vivre is contagious.

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